II. Plan Making and Implementation [30%]

3. EXAM TOPICS OUTLINE

SECTION II. Plan Making and Implementation

Due to the size of this portion of the exam guide, we have put each section on its own page.  Part II is below:

I.  Fundamental Planning Knowledge (25%) ~37-38 questions
II. Plan Making & Implementation (30%) ~ 45 questions
III.  Areas of Practice (30%) ~45 questions
IV.  Leadership, Administration & Management (5%) ~7-8 questions
V.  AICP Code of Ethics & Professional Conduct (10%) ~15 questions

PLANS AND PLAN MAKING

PLANNING PROCESS

A. Conducting research and acquiring knowledge

General

• http://planningpa.org/wp-content/uploads/career_aicp_pdc_study.pdf (pp. 47 - 57)
  

Planning Course [Multiple AICP Topics Covered]

• http://www-personal.umich.edu/~sdcamp/up504/
  

Translational Research

• http://www.planning.org/planning/2010/dec/research.htm

• http://www.planning.org/planning/2010/oct/research.htm

Statistics

• http://planningpa.org/wp-content/uploads/career_aicp_pdc_study.pdf (pp. 50 - 52)
  

APA'S Statistic In The News (i.e. examples of tables, charts, etc.)

• http://www.planning.org/planning/2010/apr/bythenumbers.htm

• http://www.planning.org/planning/2010/mar/bythenumbers.htm

• http://www.planning.org/planning/2010/feb/bythenumbers.htm

• http://www.planning.org/planning/2010/jan/bythenumbers.htm

• http://www.planning.org/planning/2009/dec/bythenumbers.htm

• http://www.planning.org/planning/2009/nov/bythenumbers.htm

• http://www.planning.org/planning/2009/oct/bythenumbers.htm

• http://www.planning.org/planning/2009/aug/bythenumbers.htm

• http://www.planning.org/planning/2009/jul/bythenumbers.htm

• http://www.planning.org/planning/2009/jun/bythenumbers.htm

• http://www.planning.org/planning/2009/may/bythenumbers.htm

• http://www.planning.org/planning/2009/apr/bythenumbers.htm

Gini Coefficient

• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gini_coefficient

• http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/TOPICS/EXTPOVERTY/EXTPA/0,,contentMDK:20238991~menuPK:492138~pagePK:148956~piPK:216618~theSitePK:430367,00.html

• http://mathworld.wolfram.com/GiniCoefficient.html

Meta-Analysis

• http://www.planning.org/planning/2011/apr/japaarticle.htm

• http://www.china-up.com:8080/international/case/case/1582.pdf

• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta-analysis

• http://www.apa.org/science/about/psa/2008/04/ssc.aspx

• http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/01944361003766766#preview

Surveying

Citizen Survey

Survey Sampling

• https://explorable.com/methods-of-survey-sampling

• http://www.statpac.com/surveys/sampling.htm

• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Survey_sampling

• http://www.statisticalconsultants.co.nz/blog/survey-sampling-methods.html

• STEPS -http://cdn2.hubspot.net/hub/58820/docs/rl_process_wp_five_step_sampling.pdf

Sample Size

• https://www.checkmarket.com/blog/how-to-estimate-your-population-and-survey-sample-size/

• http://www.tools4dev.org/resources/how-to-choose-a-sample-size/

• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sample_size_determination (detailed)

What Is A Survey

• https://www.whatisasurvey.info/chapters/chapter1.htm (multiple chapters available)
  

Types of Surveys

• https://www.nbrii.com/customer-survey-white-papers/methods-of-survey-data-collection/

• https://www.managementstudyguide.com/survey_method_techniques.htm

B. Spatial analysis

GIS

Beyond GIS: Geodesign

• https://www.planning.org/planning/2010/jul/beyondgis.htm
  

Computer Terms

• http://planningpa.org/wp-content/uploads/career_aicp_pdc_study.pdf ( pp. 63 - 65)
  

Digital Divide

• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_divide
  

GIS & Ian McHarg

• http://www.public.asu.edu/~lrg6471/gph370/ianmcharg.htm

• http://web.mst.edu/~rogersda/gis/History%20of%20GIS.pdf

GIS Overview

• http://www.esri.com/what-is-gis

• https://www.isprs.org/caravan/documents/Lao_GIS.pdf

• http://planningpa.org/wp-content/uploads/career_aicp_pdc_study.pdf (pp. 62 - 65)

History of GIS

• http://web.mst.edu/~rogersda/gis/History%20of%20GIS.pdf

NHGIS (National Historical GIS: 1790-2011 Historical Census Data)

• http://www.planning.org/planning/2012/oct/demographicdata.htm

• https://www.nhgis.org/

• http://www.digitalpreservation.gov/meetings/documents/othermeetings/mpc_noble111209.pdf

Mapping

Map Basics

• https://www.library.illinois.edu/max/collections/topographic_maps/

• http://homepages.ius.edu/PGALVIN/g333/How%20to%20Read%20Topographical%20Maps.htm

• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system

• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nautical_mile

Map Projections

• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Map_projection

FEMA Flood Insurance

• https://www.planning.org/publications/document/9007641/
  
• https://www.planning.org/publications/document/9139469/
  
• https://www.floodsmart.gov/faqs
  

FEMA Flood Mapping

• http://www.fema.gov/national-flood-insurance-program-flood-hazard-mapping

• http://www.fema.gov/media-library/assets/documents/7984?id=2324

• http://www.planning.org/planning/2009/jun/stayingdry.htm

FEMA Flood Zone Designations

• http://msc.fema.gov/ "Definitions of FEMA Flood Zone Designations"
  
• BFE (Base Flood Elevations"
• https://msc.fema.gov/webapp/wcs/stores/servlet/info?storeId=10001&catalogId=10001&langId=-1&content=floodZones&title=FEMA%2520Flood%2520Zone%2520Designations
  

FEMA GIS Basics Tutorial

• https://www.floodmaps.fema.gov/tutorials/ot_gis1.swf (refresh if "can not display" appears)
  

Township, Section, Range

• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_Land_Survey_System

Calculating Slope

• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slope

Land Use Color Coding

• http://www.planning.org/lbcs/standards/
  

APA Land Based Classification Standards (LBCS)

• https://www.planning.org/lbcs/

• https://planning-org-uploaded-media.s3.amazonaws.com/document/Zoning-Practice-2005-09.pdf

• http://www.planning.org/lbcs/background/scopingpaper.htm

C. Public engagement

Advocacy Planning: 

• http://www.plannersnetwork.org/2007/04/advocacy-and-community-planning-past-present-and-future/
  

Toolkits: 

• https://www.planning.org/communicationsguide/

• https://imla.org/images/stories/pdf/Events/2008Conference/papers91417/dozier-smart%20growth%20article%20final.pdf
  

• https://www.planning.dot.gov/PublicInvolvement/pi_documents/2b-d.asp

Ladder of Citizen Participation

• http://www.citizenshandbook.org/arnsteinsladder.html

• http://www.partnerships.org.uk/part/arn.htm

Public Participation

• https://www.planning.dot.gov/PublicInvolvement/pi_documents/toc.asp

• http://planningpa.org/wp-content/uploads/career_aicp_pdc_study.pdf (pages 135-137)

• http://www.planning.dot.gov/PublicInvolvement/pi_documents/toc.asp

• https://www.epa.gov/international-cooperation/public-participation-guide-internet-resourcespublic-participation

• https://www.planning.dot.gov/PublicInvolvement/pi_documents/2b-d.asp

• https://cdn.ymaws.com/www.iap2.org/resource/resmgr/pillars/Spectrum_8.5x11_Print.pdf

Audience Response System (ARS)

• https://www.planning.org/pas/memo/2010/jan/
  

Collaborative Planning Tools

• http://www.iwr.usace.army.mil/Missions/Collaboration-and-Conflict-Resolution/Shared-Vision-Planning/
  

Charrette

• http://www.tcrpc.org/departments/studio/about_the_charrette_process.htm

• http://www.planning.org/planning/2011/oct/hightouch.htm

• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charrette

• https://urban-regeneration.worldbank.org/node/40

Delphi Technique

• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delphi_technique
  

e-Government

• https://www.planning.org/publications/report/9026888/
  

Nominal Group Method

• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nominal_group_technique

• http://www.cdc.gov/healthyyouth/evaluation/pdf/brief7.pdf

• http://www.slideshare.net/tundeva/the-nominal-group-technique-a-practical-guide-forfacilitators

Sticky Notes

• http://rogerohioflorida.blogspot.com/2012/10/week-4-delphi-method-versus-nominal.html

Facilitation, Mediation, Arbitration

• https://www.isixsigma.com/operations/human-resources/dispute-resolution-facilitatorsmediators-arbitrators/

• http://landforgood.org/resources/faqs/difference-facilitation-mediation-arbitration/

• http://bcicac.com/about/what-is-mediationarbitration/difference-between-arbitration-andmediation/

• PAS 595 - https://planning.org/publications/report/9178119/

Arbitration (Alternative Dispute Resolution)

• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arbitration

• http://adr.findlaw.com/arbitration/what-is-arbitration-.html

Mediation

• http://definitions.uslegal.com/m/mediation/
  

Negotiation

• http://definitions.uslegal.com/n/negotiation/
  

Social Media

• https://www.planning.org/planning/2017/feb/legallessons/
  

A New Look At Public Participation - Open Neighborhood

• https://www.planning.org/pas/memo/2011/jan/
  

D. Communication

APA Planner's Communication Guide 2.0

General

• http://planningpa.org/wp-content/uploads/career_aicp_pdc_study.pdf
  

APA PAS Reports

• Broadband - https://www.planning.org/publications/report/9026893/

• E-Government - https://www.planning.org/publications/report/9026888/

E. Preparing to plan

General

• http://planningpa.org/wp-content/uploads/career_aicp_pdc_study.pdf (pp. 39-45)

Visioning

• http://planningpa.org/wp-content/uploads/career_aicp_pdc_study.pdf (pp. 39-45)

• http://media.wiley.com/product_data/excerpt/15/04714758/0471475815.pdf (pp. 55 - 56)

• https://www.planning.org/knowledgebase/visioning/

• http://www.ruralpa.org/visioning3.pdf

• https://learningstore.uwex.edu/Assets/pdfs/G3708.pdf

Scenario Planning

• http://www.planning.org/planning/2012/dec/tools.htm

• https://www.planning.org/pas/memo/2019/jul/

• https://planning.org/knowledgebase/scenarioplanning/

• https://www.planning.org/planning/2019/oct/research/

• http://planningpa.org/wp-content/uploads/APA_RegIngov_Spring_2013Finals.pdf

• https://www.planetizen.com/node/56157

Comprehensive Plans

• http://planningpa.org/wp-content/uploads/career_aicp_pdc_study.pdf (pp. 41-42)

• https://www.planning.org/knowledgebase/comprehensiveplanning/

Steps to Make a Comprehensive Plan

• http://media.wiley.com/product_data/excerpt/15/04714758/0471475815.pdf (page 3)

• http://media.wiley.com/product_data/excerpt/15/04714758/0471475815.pdf (pp. 41 - 43)

• http://plannersweb.com/wp-content/uploads/2000/07/135.pdf

21st Century Plan - https://www.planning.org/planning/2016/mar/complanintro/

• Role -https://www.planning.org/planning/2016/mar/role/

• Substance - https://www.planning.org/planning/2016/mar/substance/

• Form - https://www.planning.org/planning/2016/mar/form/

Reimagining

• http://www.planning.org/planning/2012/jan/lareimagined.htm

• http://www.planning.org/planning/2009/nov/millcommunity.htm

Re-Imagining A Sustainable Cleveland

Intelligent Cities

• https://www.planetizen.com/node/48080

• http://nextcity.org/daily/entry/lets-be-smart-about-intelligent-cities

• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intelligent_city

Strategic Planning

• http://planningpa.org/wp-content/uploads/career_aicp_pdc_study.pdf (p.40)

• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strategic_planning

F. Formulating plans and policies

General

• https://www.msu.edu/course/prr/389/Pattonsawicki.doc
  

G. Plan implementation 

Codes and Regulation

Overview

• https://www.planning.org/growingsmart/guidebook/eight01.htm
  

Zoning

• Basics

• Zoning and the American City

History of Zoning

• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoning_in_the_United_States

• https://www.strongtowns.org/journal/2017/6/28/a-history-of-zoning-in-three-acts-part-i

• https://www.citylab.com/equity/2012/06/birth-zoning-codes-history/2275/

Conditional Uses

Incentive Zoning

Performance Zoning

Floating Zones

Spot Zoning

Stormwater Regulation & Urban Design

Site Plan Basics

• https://planning-org-uploaded-media.s3.amazonaws.com/document/Zoning-Practice-2007-11.pdf

• https://planning-org-uploaded-media.s3.amazonaws.com/document/Zoning-Practice-2005-02.pdf

TND Regulations (New Urbanism)

LDR Code Writing:
Home Occupation Zoning

Landscape Ordinances

Land Supply Monitoring

Zoning Code Evaluations

Hybrid Codes

• https://planning-org-uploaded-media.s3.amazonaws.com/document/Zoning-Practice-2008-05.pdf

• https://www.planning.org/planning/2012/feb/goinghybrid.htm

Unified Development Codes (Zoning & Subdivision)

• https://planning-org-uploaded-media.s3.amazonaws.com/document/Zoning-Practice-2006-06.pdf

• http://www.planning.org/divisions/planningandlaw/propertytopics.htm#Unified

Zoning Board of Appeal (ZBA) or (BZA)

• http://planningpa.org/wp-content/uploads/career_aicp_pdc_study.pdf (p. 113)

• http://www.townofdover.us/ZBA.cfm

Standard City Planning & State Zoning Enabling Acts

• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Standard_State_Zoning_Enabling_Act

• http://www.planning.org/growingsmart/enablingacts.htm

• http://planningpa.org/wp-content/uploads/career_aicp_pdc_study.pdf (pp. 112-113)

Story Behind 1920's Enabling Acts

Form-Based Zoning

• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Form-based_codes

• https://planning-org-uploaded-media.s3.amazonaws.com/document/Zoning-Practice-2018-04.pdf

• https://planning-org-uploaded-media.s3.amazonaws.com/document/Zoning-Practice-2013-05.pdf

• https://planning-org-uploaded-media.s3.amazonaws.com/document/Zoning-Practice-2013-06.pdf

• https://planning-org-uploaded-media.s3.amazonaws.com/document/Zoning-Practice-2004-05.pdf

• https://www.planning.org/knowledgebase/formbasedzoning/

Miami 21

• http://discoveringurbanism.blogspot.com/2009/12/miami-21-set-to-shape-citys-future.html

• http://www.planning.org/planning/2011/apr/bestpractice.htm

Hybrid Codes

• http://www.formbasedcodes.org/what-are-form-based-codes

Legal Issues (3rd article)
What's In a Form-Based Code

• http://www.formbasedcodes.org/what-are-form-based-codes

• https://www.planning.org/planning/2012/feb/goinghybrid.htm

Site Plans/Reviews

• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Site_plan

• https://planning-org-uploaded-media.s3.amazonaws.com/document/Zoning-Practice-2007-11.pdf

Development Reviews

• https://www.planning.org/publications/publication/9006894/

• https://planning-org-uploaded-media.s3.amazonaws.com/document/Zoning-Practice-2014-02.pdf

• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variance_(land_use)

• https://planning-org-uploaded-media.s3.amazonaws.com/document/Zoning-Practice-2005-01.pdf

Special Permits & Variances

• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variance_(land_use)
  

• A variance is a departure from the terms of the zoning ordinance, granted in cases of hardship

• A special permit authorizes uses permitted by the zoning ordinance upon scrutiny by a local permit granting authority.

• https://www.planning.org/knowledgebase/variances/

• http://www.sandiego.gov/development-services/devprocess/pdf/glossary.pdf

• http://yarmouth.ma.us/FAQ.aspx?QID=107

Subdivision Regulations

• http://planningpa.org/wp-content/uploads/career_aicp_pdc_study.pdf (pages 73–76)

• http://www.lic.wisc.edu/shapingdane/resources/planning/library/book/chapter07/chap7_1.htm (click on next page “arrow” to advance pages)

Subdivision Requirements

Subdivision Phasing

First State To Mandate Referral of Subdivision Plats (NJ - 1913)

• http://plannersweb.com/2007/08/l-is-for-land-subdivision/

• https://books.google.com/books?id=htD4mmcFhpoC&pg=PA87&lpg=PA87&dq=first+state+to+institute+mandatory+referral+of+subdivision+plats+new+jersey&source=bl&ots=DimRF3qnDJ&sig=ACfU3U3img9xniU2wzH86MA6IxzONIJRpA&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi9y5a4wt3iAhVsvlkKHXMnDJcQ6AEwAnoECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=first%20state%20to%20institute%20mandatory%20referral%20of%20subdivision%20plats%20new%20jersey&f=false

• http://www.wyopass.org/upload/file/planning_history_timeline_final.pdf

Community Guide To Planning (Wisconsin)

Billboards

• http://www.planning.org/policy/guides/adopted/billboards.htm

• https://planning-org-uploaded-media.s3.amazonaws.com/document/Zoning-Practice-2009-03.pdf

Digital Billboards

• http://www.planning.org/planning/2009/apr/scroll.htm

• http://www.planning.org/planning/2010/jul/signworldside.htm

• http://www.planning.org/planning/2011/mar/digitalbillboards.htm

Budget and finance

“a budget...may be characterized as a series of goals with price tags attached”

Budget and Financing (pp. 119 - 120)

Benefit/Cost

• http://planningpa.org/wp-content/uploads/career_aicp_pdc_study.pdf (pp. 65 - 66)

• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benefit%E2%80%93cost_ratio

Real Estate Pro Forma

• https://www.propertymetrics.com/blog/2013/03/05/real-estate-proforma/

• http://plannersweb.com/2013/12/proforma-101-getting-familiar-with-a-basic-tool-of-real-estateanalysis/

Tax Increment Financing (TIF)

• http://www.planning.org/divisions/planningandlaw/propertytopics.htm#Tax

• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tax_increment_financing

Impact Fees

• http://www.planning.org/divisions/planningandlaw/propertytopics.htm#Impact

• http://www.planning.org/policy/guides/adopted/impactfees.htm 

Structure of Agencies & Budgeting (pp. 119 - 131)

Participatory Budgeting

Financial Terms

General Site

Ad Valorem Tax

ARM (Adjustable Rate Mortgage)

Assessed Valuation

Back Office

Bearer Bond

Bond Discount

Community Reinvestment Act of 1977 (CRA)

Coupon Bond

Discount Rate

Face Value

Fair Market Value

Fixed Cost

Full Faith and Credit

General Obligation Bonds

Highest and Best Use

Industrial Revenue Bond

Marginal Cost

Par Value

Revenue Bond

Serial Bond

Special Assessment Bond

Treasury Bill (T-Bill)

Treasury Bond

Treasury Note

Turnkey Project

Zero Coupon Bond

H. Monitoring and assessment

General

• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Program_evaluation

• http://www.managementhelp.org/evaluatn/fnl_eval.htm

• http://planningpa.org/wp-content/uploads/career_aicp_pdc_study.pdf (pages 124-127)

Benchmarks & Indicators

I. Project or program management

General

• http://planningpa.org/wp-content/uploads/career_aicp_pdc_study.pdf (pp. 131-132)

• https://www.planning.org/pas/memo/2011/sep/

GANTT, PERT & CPM

• https://searchsoftwarequality.techtarget.com/definition/Gantt-chart
  
• https://www.egr.msu.edu/classes/ece480/capstone/ganttv1.pdf
  
• http://theconstructor.org/constrution/const-management/pert-cpm-and-gantt-chart/94/
  

GANTT Chart

• http://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/0,,sid9_gci331397,00.html

• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gantt_chart

PERT Chart

• http://searchsmallbizit.techtarget.com/sDefinition/0,,sid44_gci331391,00.html
  
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Program_evaluation_and_review_technique
  

Critical Path Method

• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Critical_path_method
  
• https://www.inloox.com/company/blog/articles/the-importance-of-the-gantt-chart-and-the-critical-path-for-project-management/
  

RFIs-RFPs-RFQs

• https://www.cobalt.net/2016/07/13/rfi-rfq-rfp-whats-the-difference/
  

APA: Consultants - RFPs & RFQs

PAS Report

PAS Quicknote

RFI

RFP

RFQ (usual APA use of RFQ)

RFQ2

J. Social justice

Colonias

• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colonia_(United_States)

• https://www.hudexchange.info/cdbg-colonias/colonias-history/

The Homeless

• http://www.nationalhomeless.org/factsheets/why.html (increase last 25 years)

• https://www.planning.org/planning/2016/feb/housingforall.htm

• http://www.planning.org/planning/2011/oct/insidetentcities.htm

• http://www.planning.org/policy/guides/adopted/homelessness.htm

• http://www.angelfire.com/ns/southeasternnurse/homelessmentallyill.html

Gentrification

• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gentrification

• https://www.planning.org/planning/2016/mar/viewpoint/

At-Risk Youth

• http://www.planning.org/planning/2009/oct/viewpoint.htm
  

Social Justice

• http://planningpa.org/wp-content/uploads/career_aicp_pdc_study.pdf (page 134)

• https://www.planning.org/planning/2015/dec/viewpoint.htm

• https://www.pachamama.org/social-justice/what-is-social-justice

Environmental Justice

• http://www.epa.gov/compliance/environmentaljustice/index.html

• http://www.mass.gov/envir/smart_growth_toolkit/pages/mod-ej.html

• https://www.planning.org/planning/2019/oct/justiceforall/

Clinton's E.O. 12898

• https://www.epa.gov/laws-regulations/summary-executive-order-12898-federal-actions-address-environmental-justice

• https://www.nrdc.org/experts/albert-huang/20th-anniversary-president-clintons-executive-order-12898-environmental-justice

Housing Policies - Community Residences

Planning For Diverse Communities

ADA Act Of 1990

Disability: Universal Design

• https://www.planning.org/publications/document/9148235/

• https://planning-org-uploaded-media.s3.amazonaws.com/document/Zoning-Practice-2006-04.pdf

• https://www.planning.org/planning/2016/mar/designforeverybody/

• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_design